IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
IUPAC means International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. They gave a system of naming compounds,lets start with inorganic chemistry
1-mono
2-di
3-tri
4-tetra
5-penta
6-hexa
7-hepta
8-octa
9-nona
10-deca
They also used oxidation number in naming compounds, that in two element compound you find the oxidation number of the one at the left,while in three elements compound you find the oxidation number of the one in middle.
Lets talk about Organic Compounds
1-meth
2-eth
3-prop
4-but
5-pent
6-hex
7-hept
8-oct
9-non
10-dec
The following listed above is the name IUPAC used in representing the number of carbon in that compound, e.g ethane, it has the prefix eth so it means it has 2 carbon chain
Also suffixes are needed in naming organic compounds like each homologous series have their molecular formula, Like Alkane is CnH2n+2,where n is the number of carbon, so if we want ethane, and eth is 2,so n=2,so ethane is C2H2(2)+2 = C2H6
So know all the molecular formula of alkyl,alkanols,alkyne,alkene, etc
Also know that only alkene possess double bonds and alkyne possesses triple bonds
Always count the longest chain,and count from the nearest substituent group or double or triple bond.
And if there is more than one substituent group arrange them alphabetical
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